{"id":889,"date":"2021-12-21T15:00:05","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T07:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wccass.com\/?p=889"},"modified":"2021-12-21T15:02:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T07:02:47","slug":"linux%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/?p=889","title":{"rendered":"LINUX\u8fd0\u7ef4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_2\">\u672f\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>IDC&#8211;\uff08Internet Data Center)\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u673a\u79df\u7528\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u3001\u673a\u67dc\u79df\u7528\u3001\u673a\u623f\u79df\u7528\u3001\u4e13\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684IDC\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u79df\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8f6f\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4eab\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li><li>ISP&#8211;(Internet Service Provider)\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u5373\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u7528\u6237\u7efc\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u548c\u589e\u503c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002<\/li><li>ICP&#8211;(Internet Content Provider)\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u7528\u6237\u7efc\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u589e\u503c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4ee4\u7b2c292\u53f7\u300a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u7684ICP\u5b9e\u884c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u800c\uff0cICP\u8bc1\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u7ecf\u8425\u6027\u7f51\u7ad9\u5fc5\u987b\u529e\u7406ICP\u8bc1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u529e\u7406ICP\u8bc1\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5408\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u9700\u8981.<\/li><li>CDN&#8211;(Content Delivery Network)\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc,\u4f9d\u9760\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u8fd1\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002CDN\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u3002 CDN\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5411\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li><li>LVS&#8211;(Linux Virtual Server)\u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u5373Linux\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002LVS\u96c6\u7fa4\u91c7\u7528IP\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6280\u672f\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u541e\u5410\u7387\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5747\u8861\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5c4f\u853d\u6389\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u4e00\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6613\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/li><li>CGI&#8211;(Common Gateway Interface)\u901a\u7528\u7f51\u5173\u63a5\u53e3\u3002CGI\u89c4\u8303\u5141\u8bb8Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0cCGI\u5c06Web\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8d85\u5a92\u4f53\u6587\u6863\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5a92\u4f53<\/li><li>GSLB&#8211;(Global Server Load Balance\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a CDN \u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6.\u57fa\u4e8eDNS\u7684GSLB \u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u57df\u540d\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eDNS\u7684GSLB\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd4\u56deDNS\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u667a\u80fd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u670d\u52a1IP\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6ca1\u6709GSLB\u65f6\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684GSLB\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li><li>BOSS&#8211;(Business &amp; Operation Support System\uff0cBOSS)\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u8425\u652f\u6491\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684BOSS\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u8ba1\u8d39\u53ca\u7ed3\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8425\u4e1a\u4e0e\u8d26\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002BOSS\u4ece\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6765\u627f\u8f7d\u4e1a\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001CRM\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u3001\u6a2a\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u7535\u4fe1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8ba1\u8d39\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u5c55\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5ba2\u6237\u8d44\u6599\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u8d2d\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u3001\u51fa\u5e10\u3001\u7ed3\u7b97\u7b49\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u767b\u8bb0\u5ba2\u6237\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u8d2d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5957\u9910\u7684\u8d44\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e1a\u52a1\uff08\u624b\u673a\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7535\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8bdd\u65f6\u3001\u70b9\u64ad\u6536\u89c6\u3001\u5bbd\u5e26\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u51c6\u5b9e\u65f6\u53ca\u5b9a\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u5355\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6216\u5b9a\u671f\u7ed3\u7b97\u7528\u6237\u5404\u79cd\u6d88\u8d39\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_3\">\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u95ee\u9898\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u6210\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u5bb9\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><li>\u9700\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_4\">\u89c4\u5212<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u67b6\u6784\u89c4\u5212<\/li><li>IDC\u89c4\u5212<\/li><li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89c4\u5212<\/li><li>ISP\u89c4\u5212<\/li><li>\u9884\u7b97\u89c4\u5212<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_5\">\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u901f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316<\/li><li>\u6210\u672c\u4f18\u5316<\/li><li>ISP\u4f18\u5316<\/li><li>CDN\u4f18\u5316<\/li><li>\u544a\u8b66\u4f18\u5316<\/li><li>\u6545\u969c\u9884\u6848<\/li><li>\u6545\u969c\u6f14\u4e60<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_6\">\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6f0f\u6d1e\u626b\u63cf<\/li><li>\u57df\u540d\u52ab\u6301\u626b\u63cf<\/li><li>\u6302\u9a6c\u626b\u63cf<\/li><li>CGI\u626b\u63cf<\/li><li>\u7f51\u9875\u7be1\u6539\u626b\u63cf<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_7\">\u544a\u8b66<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u544a\u8b66\u6a21\u578b<\/li><li>\u544a\u8b66\u6545\u969c<\/li><li>\u544a\u8b66\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li><li>\u544a\u8b66\u5173\u8054<\/li><li>\u62e8\u6d4b\u5b9a\u65f6curl\u4e00\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e2aurl\uff0c\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u544a\u8b66. \u65e5\u5fd7\u544a\u8b66\uff1a5\u5206\u949fError\u5927\u4e8exxx\u6b21\u544a\u8b66\u3002 \u6307\u6807\u544a\u8b66\uff1acpu\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5927\u4e8exxx\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u544a\u8b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u8f93\u51fa\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u4f5c\u5f0a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53c8\u6bd4\u5982\u6597\u5730\u4e3b\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8fde\u80dc\u573a\u6b21\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u80dc\u7387\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u51fa\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u592a\u591a\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f5c\u5f0a\u3002\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6309\u7167\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u76d1\u63a7\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6302\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u8f7d\u4e86\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u5efa\u6a21\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_8\">\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>URL\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>LVS\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>IDC\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>\u6a21\u5757\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>\u7ad9\u70b9\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><li>\u54cd\u5e94\u76d1\u63a7<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_9\">\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u5e73\u53f0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CDN\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u9759\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u52a8\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u70b9\u51fb\u6d41\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u7ecf\u8425\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u5b58\u50a8\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0<\/li><li>\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>GSLB\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>BOSS\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u7acb\u4f53\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u7ad9\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u7edf\u4e00\u544a\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u5177\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_10\">\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u9879\u76ee\u7acb\u9879\u89c4\u8303<\/li><li>\u8fd0\u8425\u6545\u969c\u5206\u7ea7\u548c\u5904\u7f5a\u89c4\u8303<\/li><li>\u91cd\u5927\u8fd0\u8425\u6545\u969c\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li><li>\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89c4\u8303<\/li><li>\u8fd0\u8425\u8d44\u6e90\u7533\u8bf7\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li><li>IDC\u53d8\u66f4\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li><li>\u9884\u7b97\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u8303<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linux\">linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>RedHat: Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva<\/li><li>SuSE: SLES, OpenSuSE<\/li><li>Debian: Ubuntu<\/li><li>Gentoo:<\/li><li>BackTrace\/kali linux (\u9ed1\u5ba2)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"-shell\">\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7b2c\u4e00\u5de5\u5177-shell\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell\">shell\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cShell\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\uff08Interactive\uff09\uff0cShell\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6279\u5904\u7406\uff08Batch\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e8b\u5148\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c\uff08Script\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9Shell\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u5730\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u3002Shell\u811a\u672c\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46Shell\u811a\u672c\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0cShell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u628a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u6572\u5230Shell\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\uff0cUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cdShell\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.sh\uff08Bourne Shell\uff09\uff1a\u7531Steve Bourne\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5404\u79cdUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u914d\u6709sh\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.csh\uff08C Shell\uff09\uff1a\u7531Bill Joy\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u968fBSD UNIX\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u5f88\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5f88\u591aBourne Shell\u6240\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.ksh\uff08Korn Shell\uff09\uff1a\u7531David Korn\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9sh\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86csh\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u591aUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u914d\u7f6e\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\/bin\/sh\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6307\u5411\/bin\/ksh\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.tcsh\uff08TENEX C Shell\uff09\uff1a\u662fcsh\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728FreeBSD\u3001Mac OS X\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86csh\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.bash\uff08Bourne Again Shell\uff09\uff1a\u7531GNU\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Shell\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e0ePOSIX\u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e\u5bf9sh\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cbash\u4ececsh\u548cksh\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u79cdLinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6807\u51c6\u914d\u7f6e\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\/bin\/sh\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6307\u5411\/bin\/bash\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0cbash\u548csh\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cbash\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cbash\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u548csh\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5bash\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u62dfsh\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7sh\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u542f\u52a8bash\u65f6\uff0cbash\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\u662fsh\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0esh\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.zsh \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u9f50\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8865\u9f50\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8865\u9f50\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">vim \/etc\/passwd\n\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684shell\u7c7b\u578b\n\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\nnobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:\/nonexistent:\/bin\/sh\nsyslog:x:101:103::\/home\/syslog:\/bin\/false\nitcast:x:1000:1000:itcast,,,:\/home\/itcast:\/bin\/bash\nftp:x:115:125:ftp daemon,,,:\/srv\/ftp:\/bin\/false\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bShell\u4f1afork\u5e76exec\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662fShell\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528Shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684cd\u3001alias\u3001umask\u3001exit\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u662f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u7528which\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684man\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u8981\u5728man\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ man bash-builtins\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982export\u3001shift\u3001if\u3001eval\u3001[\u3001for\u3001while\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709Exit Status\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u75280\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u975e\u96f6\u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf$?\u8bfb\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_11\">\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672ctest.sh\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\ncd ..\nls\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7528#\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\/\/\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c#\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f#!\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aShebang\uff09\u5219\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9762\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\/bin\/sh\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u4e0a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chmod a+x test.sh\n.\/test.sh\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u4f1afork\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u8c03\u7528exec\u6267\u884c.\/test.sh\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cexec\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u66ff\u6362\u6210.\/test.sh\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5b83\u7684_start\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800ctest.sh\u662f\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548c_start\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u5b9eexec\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7528Shebang\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684_start\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u811a\u672c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ \/bin\/sh .\/test.sh\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981test.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7528()\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u4f1afork\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50Shell\u6267\u884c\u5c0f\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u7531\u5206\u53f7;\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ <strong>(<\/strong>cd ..;ls -l<strong>)<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884cShell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0ccd ..\u547d\u4ee4\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u5b50Shell\u7684PWD\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u3002\u7136\u800c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ cd ..;ls -l\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5219\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0ccd ..\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u7684PWD\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u6267\u884cShell\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ source .\/test.sh\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ . .\/test.sh\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>source\u6216\u8005.\u547d\u4ee4\u662fShell\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5b50Shell\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u4e0b\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_12\">\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_13\">\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0cShell\u53d8\u91cf\u7531\u5168\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Shell\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f20\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f20\u7ed9fork\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7528printenv\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528set\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u662fShell\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728Shell\u4e2d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ VARNAME=value\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u7b49\u53f7\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u88abShell\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528export\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5bfc\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ export VARNAME=value\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ VARNAME=value\nitcast$ export VARNAME\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528unset\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ unset VARNAME\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53eb\u505aVARNAME\uff0c\u7528${VARNAME}\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5f15\u8d77\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528$VARNAME\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ echo $SHELL\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u4e0d\u7528$\uff0c\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u65f6\u8981\u7528$\u3002\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cShell\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aShell\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49VAR=45\uff0c\u5176\u5b9eVAR\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3245\u800c\u975e\u6574\u6570\u3002Shell\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"globbing\">\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee3\u6362\uff08Globbing\uff09\uff1a* ? []<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u79f0\u4e3a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff08Wildcard\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u901a\u914d\u7b26\n\n*   \u5339\u914d0\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\n?   \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\n[\u82e5\u5e72\u5b57\u7b26]  \u5339\u914d\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\n\n$ ls \/dev\/ttyS*\n$ ls ch0?.doc\n$ ls ch0[0-2].doc\n$ ls ch[012]   [0-9].doc\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cGlobbing\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u7531Shell\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u8fd8\u6ca1\u4f20\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0ls ch0[012].doc\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709ch00.doc\u548cch02.doc\uff0c\u5219\u4f20\u7ed9ls\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_14\">\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee3\u6362\uff1a`\u6216 $()<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531&#8217;`&#8217;\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cShell\u5148\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7acb\u523b\u4ee3\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u653edate\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ DATE=`date`\nitcast$ echo $DATE\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee3\u6362\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528$()\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ DATE=$(date)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_15\">\u7b97\u672f\u4ee3\u6362\uff1a$(())<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u7b97\u672f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c$(())\u4e2d\u7684Shell\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u503c\u5c06\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u542b\u4e49\u7684$[]\u7b49\u4ef7\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ VAR=45\nitcast$ echo $(($VAR+3))\n$(())\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u7528+-*\/\u548c()\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\n\n$[base#n],\u5176\u4e2dbase\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u5236,n\u6309\u7167base\u8fdb\u5236\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u518d\u6709\u8fd0\u7b97\u6570\uff0c\u6309\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\n\necho $[2#10+11]\necho $[8#10+11]\necho $[10#10+11]\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_16\">\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\\<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\\\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u9664\u7d27\u8ddf\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u56de\u8f66\u9664\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u53d6\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ echo $SHELL\n\/bin\/bash\nitcast$ echo \\$SHELL\n$SHELL\nitcast$ echo \\\\\n\\\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u201c$ $\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ touch \\$\\ \\$\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u7528\u5b83\u505a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f-\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5-\u53f7\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ touch -hello\ntouch: invalid option -- h\nTry `touch --help' for more information.\n\n\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u4e0a\\\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u62a5\u9519\uff1a\n\nitcast$ touch \\-hello\ntouch: invalid option -- h\nTry `touch --help' for more information.\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u79cdUNIX\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u628a-\u53f7\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5f53\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f53\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4ee5-\u53f7\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ touch .\/-hello\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ touch -- -hello\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\\\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\\\u540e\u6572\u56de\u8f66\u8868\u793a\u7eed\u884c\uff0cShell\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eed\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26&gt;\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7eed\u884c\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ ls \\\n&gt; -l\n\uff08ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_17\">\u5355\u5f15\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0cShell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u7b26\uff08\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u7b26\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\\\u548c\u56de\u8f66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u53f7\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u5bf9\u5c31\u8f93\u5165\u56de\u8f66\uff0cShell\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7eed\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u628a\u5f15\u53f7\u914d\u4e0a\u5bf9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ echo '$SHELL'\n$SHELL\nitcast$ echo 'ABC\\\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\n&gt; DE'\uff08\u518d\u6309\u4e00\u6b21\u56de\u8f66\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\nABC\\\nDE\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_18\">\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88ab\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u7528\u62ec\u4f4f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0e\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast$ DATE=$(date)\nitcast$ echo \"$DATE\"\nitcast$ echo '$DATE'\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell_1\">Shell\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test\">\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1atest [<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4test\u6216[\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684Exit Status\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u5219\u547d\u4ee4\u7684Exit Status\u4e3a1\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0eC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">itcast@ubuntu:~$ var=2\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ test $var -gt 1\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ echo $?\n0\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ test $var -gt 3\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ echo $?\n1\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ [ $var -gt 3 ]\nitcast@ubuntu:~$ echo $?\n1\nitcast@ubuntu:~$\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4f46\u5de6\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c$VAR\u3001-gt\u30013\u3001]\u662f[\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u547d\u4ee4test\u6216[\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7test\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981]\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4ee5[\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">[ -d DIR ]              \u5982\u679cDIR\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ -f FILE ]             \u5982\u679cFILE\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ -z STRING ]           \u5982\u679cSTRING\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u96f6\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ -n STRING ]           \u5982\u679cSTRING\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u975e\u96f6\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ STRING1 = STRING2 ]   \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u540c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ STRING1 != STRING2 ]  \u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\n[ ARG1 OP ARG2 ]        ARG1\u548cARG2\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cOP\u662f-eq\uff08\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09-ne\uff08\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09-lt\uff08\u5c0f\u4e8e\uff09-le\uff08\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09-gt\uff08\u5927\u4e8e\uff09-ge\uff08\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e0e\u3001\u6216\u3001\u975e\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5e26\u4e0e\u3001\u6216\u3001\u975e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\n\n[ ! EXPR ]          EXPR\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c!\u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91\u53cd\n[ EXPR1 -a EXPR2 ]  EXPR1\u548cEXPR2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c-a\u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\n[ EXPR1 -o EXPR2 ]  EXPR1\u548cEXPR2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c-o\u8868\u793a\u903b\u8f91\u6216\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ VAR=abc\n$ [ -d Desktop -a $VAR = 'abc' ]\n$ echo $?\n0\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684$VAR\u53d8\u91cf\u4e8b\u5148\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u88abShell\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a[ -d Desktop -a = &#8216;abc&#8217; ]\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u597d\u7684Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u603b\u662f\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u503c\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff08\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a[ -d Desktop -a &#8220;&#8221; = &#8216;abc&#8217; ]\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ unset VAR\n$ [ -d Desktop -a $VAR = 'abc' ]\nbash: [: too many arguments\n$ [ -d Desktop -a \"$VAR\" = 'abc' ]\n$ echo $?\n1\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ifthenelifelsefi\">if\/then\/elif\/else\/fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u7528if\u3001then\u3001elif\u3001else\u3001fi\u8fd9\u51e0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u652f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u6761Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5148\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">if [ -f ~\/.bashrc ]; then\n    . ~\/.bashrc\nfi\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cif [ -f ~\/.bashrc ]\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff0cthen . ~\/.bashrc\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\uff0cfi\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7528;\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u53ea\u5199\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5199;\u53f7\u4e86\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0cthen\u540e\u9762\u6709\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c\uff0cShell\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u63a5\u5728then\u540e\u9762\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u3002\u548c[\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\u3002if\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u7684Exit Status\u4e3a0\uff08\u8868\u793a\u771f\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884cthen\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679cExit Status\u975e0\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5047\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884celif\u3001else\u6216\u8005fi\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u3002if\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u547d\u4ee4\u3002Shell\u811a\u672c\u6ca1\u6709{}\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528fi\u8868\u793aif\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n<strong>if<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> -f \/bin\/bash <strong>]<\/strong>\n<strong>then<\/strong> echo \"\/bin\/bash is a file\"\n<strong>else<\/strong> echo \"\/bin\/bash is NOT a file\"\n<strong>fi<\/strong>\n<strong>if<\/strong> :; <strong>then<\/strong> echo \"always true\"; <strong>fi<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>:\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7a7a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46Exit Status\u603b\u662f\u771f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\/bin\/true\u6216\/bin\/false\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684Exit Status\u3002\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    echo \"Is it morning? Please answer yes or no.\"\n    read YES_OR_NO\n    <strong>if<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> \"$YES_OR_NO\" <strong>=<\/strong> \"yes\" <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>then<\/strong>\n      echo \"Good morning!\"\n    <strong>elif<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> \"$YES_OR_NO\" <strong>=<\/strong> \"no\" <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>then<\/strong>\n      echo \"Good afternoon!\"\n    <strong>else<\/strong>\n      echo \"Sorry, $YES_OR_NO not recognized. Enter yes or no.\"\n      exit 1\n    <strong>fi<\/strong>\n    exit 0\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684read\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cShell\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86&amp;&amp;\u548c||\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5177\u6709Short-circuit\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u591aShell\u811a\u672c\u559c\u6b22\u5199\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">test \"$(whoami)\" != 'root' &amp;&amp; (echo you are using a non-privileged account; exit 1)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>&amp;&amp;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201cif&#8230;then&#8230;\u201d\uff0c\u800c||\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201cif not&#8230;then&#8230;\u201d\u3002&amp;&amp;\u548c||\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u8bb2\u7684-a\u548c-o\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">test \"$VAR\" -gt 1 -a \"$VAR\" -lt 3\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">test \"$VAR\" -gt 1 &amp;&amp; test \"$VAR\" -lt 3\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"caseesac\">case\/esac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>case\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7c7b\u6bd4C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684switch\/case\u8bed\u53e5\uff0cesac\u8868\u793acase\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684case\u53ea\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u6574\u578b\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u800cShell\u811a\u672c\u7684case\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548cWildcard\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5206\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5;;\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230esac\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\u7528break\u8df3\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    echo \"Is it morning? Please answer yes or no.\"\n    read YES_OR_NO\n    <strong>case<\/strong> \"$YES_OR_NO\" in\n    yes|y|Yes|YES<strong>)<\/strong>\n      echo \"Good Morning!\";;\n    <strong>[<\/strong>nN<strong>]<\/strong>*<strong>)<\/strong>\n      echo \"Good Afternoon!\";;\n    *<strong>)<\/strong>\n      echo \"Sorry, $YES_OR_NO not recognized. Enter yes or no.\"\n      exit 1;;\n    <strong>esac<\/strong>\n    exit 0\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528case\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u811a\u672c\u76ee\u5f55\/etc\/init.d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5927\u591a\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4ee5\/etc\/init.d\/nfs-kernel-server\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <strong>case<\/strong> \"$1\" in\n        start<strong>)<\/strong>\n            ...\n        ;;\n        stop<strong>)<\/strong>\n            ...\n        ;;\n        reload | force-reload<strong>)<\/strong>\n            ...\n        ;;\n        restart<strong>)<\/strong>\n        ...\n        *<strong>)<\/strong>\n            log_success_msg \"Usage: nfs-kernel-server {start|stop|status|reload|force-reload|restart}\"\n            exit 1\n        ;;\n    <strong>esac<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542f\u52a8nfs-kernel-server\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sudo \/etc\/init.d\/nfs-kernel-server start\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>$1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fstart\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165start)\u5206\u652f\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3astop\u3001reload\u6216restart\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u652f\u6267\u884c\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fordodone\">for\/do\/done<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684foreach\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    <strong>for<\/strong> FRUIT in apple banana pear; <strong>do<\/strong>\n      echo \"I like $FRUIT\"\n    <strong>done<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">FRUIT\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5faa\u73af$FRUIT\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u662fapple\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53d6\u503c\u662fbanana\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u53d6\u503c\u662fpear\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684chap0\u3001chap1\u3001chap2\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6539\u4e3achap0~\u3001chap1~\u3001chap2~\u7b49\uff08\u6309\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u6709~\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8868\u793a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a\n\n$ for FILENAME in chap?; do mv $FILENAME $FILENAME~; done\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ for FILENAME in `ls chap?`; do mv $FILENAME $FILENAME~; done\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"whiledodone\">while\/do\/done<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>while\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    echo \"Enter password:\"\n    read TRY\n    <strong>while<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> \"$TRY\" !<strong>=<\/strong> \"secret\" <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>do<\/strong>\n      echo \"Sorry, try again\"\n      read TRY\n    <strong>done<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u63a7\u5236\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    COUNTER<strong>=<\/strong>1\n    <strong>while<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> \"$COUNTER\" -lt 10 <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>do<\/strong>\n      echo \"Here we go again\"\n      COUNTER<strong>=<\/strong><strong>$((<\/strong>$COUNTER<strong>+<\/strong>1<strong>))<\/strong>\n    <strong>done<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u8fd8\u6709until\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684do&#8230;while\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4ece\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"breakcontinue\">break\u548ccontinue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>break[n]\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8df3\u51fa\u51e0\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0ccontinue\u8df3\u8fc7\u672c\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\uff0c\u6ca1\u8df3\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>break\u8df3\u51fa\uff0ccontinue\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e60\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u9519\u4e94\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u62a5\u9519\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_19\">\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u88abShell\u81ea\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u9047\u5230\u4e86$?\u548c$1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$0  \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00main\u51fd\u6570\u7684argv[0]\n$1\u3001$2...    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08Positional Parameter\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00main\u51fd\u6570\u7684argv[1]\u3001argv[2]...\n$#  \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00main\u51fd\u6570\u7684argc - 1\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684#\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u91ca\n$@  \u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\"$1\" \"$2\" ...\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728for\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684in\u540e\u9762\u3002\n$*  \u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\"$1\" \"$2\" ...\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\n$?  \u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684Exit Status\n$$  \u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528shift\u547d\u4ee4\u5de6\u79fb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982shift 3\u8868\u793a\u539f\u6765\u7684$4\u73b0\u5728\u53d8\u6210$1\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684$5\u73b0\u5728\u53d8\u6210$2\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684$1\u3001$2\u3001$3\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c$0\u4e0d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684shift\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eshift 1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    echo \"The program $0 is now running\"\n    echo \"The first parameter is $1\"\n    echo \"The second parameter is $2\"\n    echo \"The parameter list is $@\"\n    shift\n    echo \"The first parameter is $1\"\n    echo \"The second parameter is $2\"\n    echo \"The parameter list is $@\"\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell_2\">shell\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"echo\">echo<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>echo\u663e\u793a\u6587\u672c\u884c\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">echo [option] string\n-e \u89e3\u6790\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\n-n \u4e0d\u56de\u8f66\u6362\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5echo\u56de\u663e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8f66\u6362\u884c\u3002\necho \"hello\\n\\n\"\necho -e \"hello\\n\\n\"\necho  \"hello\"\necho -n \"hello\"\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_20\">\u7ba1\u9053|<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u505a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u7528\u7ad6\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat myfile | more\nls -l | grep \"myfile\"\ndf -k | awk '{print $1}' | grep -v \"\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\"\ndf -k \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tee\">tee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>tee\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">df -k | awk '{print $1}' | grep -v \"\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\" | tee a.txt\n\ntee -a a.txt\u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\ndf -k | awk '{print $1}' | grep -v \"\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\" | tee -a a.txt\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_21\">\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cmd &gt; file             \u628a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\ncmd &gt;&gt; file            \u8ffd\u52a0\ncmd &gt; file 2&gt;&amp;1        \u6807\u51c6\u51fa\u9519\u4e5f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u52301\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684file\u91cc\ncmd &gt;&gt; file 2&gt;&amp;1\ncmd &lt; file1 &gt; file2    \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\ncmd &lt; &amp;fd              \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\ncmd &gt; &amp;fd              \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\ncmd &lt; &amp;-               \u5173\u95ed\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_22\">\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cShell\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    foo<strong>(){<\/strong> echo \"Function foo is called\";<strong>}<\/strong>\n    echo \"-=start=-\"\n    foo\n    echo \"-=end=-\"\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u5de6\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7'{&#8216;\u548c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u53f3\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7&#8217;}&#8217;\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u672b\u5c3e\u5fc5\u987b\u6709;\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49foo()\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7ed9foo\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5230\u540e\u9762\u8c03\u7528foo\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u6ce8\u610fShell\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u5199\u62ec\u53f7\uff09\u624d\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u811a\u672c\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5728\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3cC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684main\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f20\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u8ff7\u4f60\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7528$0\u3001$1\u3001$2\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u9762\u7684$0\u3001$1\u3001$2\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528return\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5982\u679creturn\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5219\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u7684Exit Status\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u9010\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6253\u5370\u4fe1\u606f\u7136\u540e\u8bd5\u7740\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n\n    is_directory<strong>()<\/strong>\n    <strong>{<\/strong>\n      DIR_NAME<strong>=<\/strong>$1\n      <strong>if<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> ! -d $DIR_NAME <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>then<\/strong>\n        <strong>return<\/strong> 1\n      <strong>else<\/strong>\n        <strong>return<\/strong> 0\n      <strong>fi<\/strong>\n    <strong>}<\/strong>\n\n    <strong>for<\/strong> DIR in \"$@\"; <strong>do<\/strong>\n      <strong>if<\/strong> is_directory \"$DIR\"\n      <strong>then<\/strong> :\n      <strong>else<\/strong>\n        echo \"$DIR doesn't exist. Creating it now...\"\n        mkdir $DIR &gt; \/dev\/null 2&gt;&amp;1\n        <strong>if<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> $? -ne 0 <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>then<\/strong>\n          echo \"Cannot create directory $DIR\"\n          exit 1\n        <strong>fi<\/strong>\n      <strong>fi<\/strong>\n    <strong>done<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610fis_directory()\u8fd4\u56de0\u8868\u793a\u771f\u8fd4\u56de1\u8868\u793a\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell_3\">Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shell\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfb\u4e00\u904d\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f46\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-v<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u8fb9\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u811a\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-x<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6267\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    $ sh -x .\/script.sh\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u811a\u672c\u5f00\u5934\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh -x<\/em>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7528set\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    <em>#! \/bin\/sh<\/em>\n    <strong>if<\/strong> <strong>[<\/strong> -z \"$1\" <strong>]<\/strong>; <strong>then<\/strong>\n      set -x\n      echo \"ERROR: Insufficient Args.\"\n      exit 1\n      set +x\n    <strong>fi<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>set -x\u548cset +x\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u542f\u7528\u548c\u7981\u7528-x\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5bf9\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_23\">\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7528grep\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u5b9egrep\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Pattern\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408xxxxx@xxxx.xxx\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662femail\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u6c42x\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6216\u51cf\u53f7\uff0cemail\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2ax\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982abc.d@ef.com\u30011_2@987-6.54\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5168\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684email\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u6b65\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u7b5b\u6389a.b\u3001c@d\u7b49\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662femail\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u6c42y\u662f0-9\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u67091-3\u4e2ay\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528grep\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08Character Class\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u7684x\u548cy\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\uff08Quantifier\uff09\uff1a \u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2ax\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u67091-3\u4e2ay\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5404\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26@\u548c.\u9694\u5f00\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528.\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\uff08Anchor\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e00\u8d77\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Regular Expression\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982email\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u770b\u770b\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728grep\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6testfile\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">192.168.1.1\n1234.234.04.5678\n123.4234.045.678\nabcde\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ egrep '[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}' testfile\n192.168.1.1\n1234.234.04.5678\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>egrep\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8egrep -E\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u91c7\u7528Extended\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002grep\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6709Basic\u548cExtended\u4e24\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709fgrep\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8egrep -F\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u641c\u7d22\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u800c\u4e0d\u641c\u7d22\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u7ed9grep\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88abShell\u89e3\u91ca\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>192.168.1.1\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a.\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u56db\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f1\u52303\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e481234.234.04.5678\u4e5f\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3agrep\u627e\u7684\u662f\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32234.234.04.567\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c123.4234.045.678\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728grep\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u9875\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684email\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684email\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u7684Javascript\u4e2d\u505a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u505a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982PHP\u3001Perl\u3001Python\u3001Ruby\u3001Java\u6216C\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u591aUNIX\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982grep\u3001vi\u3001sed\u3001awk\u3001emacs\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u201d\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_24\">\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053C\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548cShell\u811a\u672c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0cC\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800cShell\u811a\u672c\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540c\u6837\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u5f15\u5165\u5f88\u591a\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u79cd\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u3002\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecdegrep(1)\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408POSIX\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1regex(7)\uff08\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2aman page\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u953b\u70bc\uff09\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u4eff\u7167\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u7528egrep\u547d\u4ee4\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5b57\u7b26  \u542b\u4e49               \u4e3e\u4f8b\n.   \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26          abc.\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914dabcd\u3001abc9\u7b49\n[]  \u5339\u914d\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26  [abc]d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914dad\u3001bd\u6216cd\n-   \u5728[]\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4    [0-9a-fA-F]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\n^   \u4f4d\u4e8e[]\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u9664\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26  [^xy]\u5339\u914d\u9664xy\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64[^xy]1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914da1\u3001b1\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914dx1\u3001y1\n\n[[:xxx:]]   grep\u5de5\u5177\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u540d\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b   [[:alpha:]]\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c[[:digit:]]\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5b57\u7b26    \u542b\u4e49                             \u4e3e\u4f8b\n?   \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u96f6\u6b21\u6216\u4e00\u6b21    [0-9]?\\.[0-9]\u5339\u914d0.0\u30012.3\u3001.5\u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e.\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528\\\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d6\u5b57\u9762\u503c\n+   \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21    [a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\u5339\u914demail\u5730\u5740\n*   \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u96f6\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21    [0-9][0-9]*\u5339\u914d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e[0-9]+\uff0c[a-zA-Z_]+[a-zA-Z_0-9]*\u5339\u914dC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\n{N} \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914dN\u6b21       [1-9][0-9]{2}\u5339\u914d\u4ece100\u5230999\u7684\u6574\u6570\n{N,}  \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u81f3\u5c11N\u6b21     [1-9][0-9]{2,}\u5339\u914d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08\u542b\u4e09\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u6574\u6570\n{,M}  \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u6700\u591aM\u6b21     [0-9]{,1}\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e[0-9]?\n{N,M} \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u5e94\u5339\u914d\u81f3\u5c11N\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u591aM\u6b21   [0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\u5339\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u6b21\u6ce8\u610fgrep\u627e\u7684\u662f\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u67d0\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u3002\u518d\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">aaabc\naad\nefg\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u627ea*\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e09\u884c\u90fd\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ egrep 'a*' testfile \naabc\naad\nefg\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>a<em>\u5339\u914d0\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2aa\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u5305\u542b0\u4e2aa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u7528a<\/em>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u505a\u67e5\u627e\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u628aa*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    \u5b57\u7b26  \u542b\u4e49                \u4e3e\u4f8b\n    ^   \u5339\u914d\u884c\u9996\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e        ^Content\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u5934\u7684Content\n    $   \u5339\u914d\u884c\u672b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e        ;$\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684;\u53f7\uff0c^$\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u884c\n    \\&lt;  \u5339\u914d\u5355\u8bcd\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e    \\&lt;th\u5339\u914d... this\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914dethernet\u3001tenth\n    \\&gt;  \u5339\u914d\u5355\u8bcd\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e    p\\&gt;\u5339\u914dleap ...\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914dparent\u3001sleepy\n    \\b  \u5339\u914d\u5355\u8bcd\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e     \\bat\\b\u5339\u914d... at ...\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914dcat\u3001atexit\u3001batch\n    \\B  \u5339\u914d\u975e\u5355\u8bcd\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e   \\Bat\\B\u5339\u914dbattery\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5339\u914d... attend\u3001hat ...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9grep\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u7528[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}\u67e5\u627eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">192.168.1.1\n1234.234.04.5678\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7528^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}$\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a1234.234.04.5678\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u5b83\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u5b57\u7b26  \u542b\u4e49    \u4e3e\u4f8b\n\\    \u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26   \u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26&lt;\u5199\u6210\\&lt;\u8868\u793a\u5355\u8bcd\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26.\u5199\u6210\\.\u4ee5\u53ca\\\u5199\u6210\\\\\u5c31\u5f53\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5339\u914d\n()   \u5c06\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26    ([0-9]{1,3}\\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\u5339\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\n|    \u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6216\u7684\u5173\u7cfb     n(o|either)\u5339\u914dno\u6216neither\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662fgrep\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684Extended\u89c4\u8303\uff0cBasic\u89c4\u8303\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b57\u7b26?+{}|()\u5e94\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5219\u9700\u8981\u52a0\\\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528grep\u800c\u4e0d\u662fegrep\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u52a0-E\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u7167Basic\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u5199\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grep\">grep<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5339 \u914d\u7684\u884c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002grep\u5168\u79f0\u662fGlobal Regular Expression Print\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5168\u5c40\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep\u5bb6\u65cf\u5305\u62ecgrep\u3001egrep\u548cfgrep\u3002egrep\u548cfgrep\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8ddfgrep\u6709\u5f88\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002egrep\u662fgrep\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684re\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c fgrep\u5c31\u662ffixed grep\u6216fast grep\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u56de\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7279\u6b8a\u3002linux\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u7248\u672c\u7684grep\u3002\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7-G\u3001-E\u3001-F\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u6765\u4f7f\u7528egrep\u548cfgrep\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">grep [options]\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">grep --help\n\n[options]\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n-c\uff1a\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\n-i\uff1a\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\n-h\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\n-l\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\n-n\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u53ca \u884c\u53f7\u3002\n-s\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u65e0\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002\n--color=auto \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u4e0a\u989c\u8272\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>pattern\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\\\uff1a \u5ffd\u7565\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u539f\u6709\u542b\u4e49\u3002\n^\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u884c\u3002\n$: \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u884c\u3002\n\\&lt;\uff1a\u4ece\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe \u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\n\\&gt;\uff1a\u5230\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\n[ ]\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982[A]\u5373A\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42 \u3002\n[ - ]\uff1a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982[A-Z]\uff0c\u5373A\u3001B\u3001C\u4e00\u76f4\u5230Z\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42 \u3002\n.\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\n*\uff1a\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a0\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4.grep\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ grep \u2018test\u2019 d*\n\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ee5d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b test\u7684\u884c\u3002\n\n$ grep \u2018test\u2019 aa bb cc\n\u663e\u793a\u5728aa\uff0cbb\uff0ccc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5339\u914dtest\u7684\u884c\u3002\n\n$ grep \u2018[a-z]\\{5\\}\u2019 aa\n\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u81f3\u5c11\u67095\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u3002\n\n$ grep \u2018w\\(es\\)t.*\\1\u2032 aa\n\u5982\u679cwest\u88ab\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219es\u5c31\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u641c\u7d22\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26(.*)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740 \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2aes(\\1)\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528egrep\u6216grep -E\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u201d\\\u201d\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\u2019w(es)t.*\\1\u2032\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>5.grep\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u641c\u7d22\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">grep -r\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">grep -d skip\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5230\u2019less\u2019\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ grep magic \/usr\/src\/Linux\/Documentation\/* | less\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f(\u641c\u7d22\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\u7528 *)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u2019grep\u2019\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u7740\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6309&nbsp;\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">grep -i pattern files \uff1a\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5730\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\ngrep -l pattern files \uff1a\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\ngrep -L pattern files \uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\ngrep -w pattern files \uff1a\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206(\u5982\u5339\u914d\u2019magic\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u2019magical\u2019)\uff0c\ngrep -C number pattern files \uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5206\u522b\u663e\u793a[number]\u884c\uff0c\ngrep pattern1 | pattern2 files \uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d pattern1 \u6216 pattern2 \u7684\u884c\uff0c\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1agrep \"abc\\|xyz\" testfile    \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5305\u542babc\u6216xyz\u7684\u884c\ngrep pattern1 files | grep pattern2 \uff1a\u663e\u793a\u65e2\u5339\u914d pattern1 \u53c8\u5339\u914d pattern2 \u7684\u884c\u3002\n\ngrep -n pattern files  \u5373\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\n\ngrep -c pattern files  \u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u603b\u884c\u6570\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\\&lt; \u548c \\&gt; \u5206\u522b\u6807\u6ce8\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\ngrep man * \u4f1a\u5339\u914d \u2018Batman\u2019\u3001\u2019manic\u2019\u3001\u2019man\u2019\u7b49\uff0c\ngrep \u2018\\&lt;man\u2019 * \u5339\u914d\u2019manic\u2019\u548c\u2019man\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u2019Batman\u2019\uff0c\ngrep \u2018\\&lt;man\\&gt;\u2019 \u53ea\u5339\u914d\u2019man\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u2019Batman\u2019\u6216\u2019manic\u2019\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\n\u2018^\u2019\uff1a\u6307\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u884c\u9996\uff0c\n\u2018$\u2019\uff1a\u6307\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u884c \u5c3e\uff0c\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"find\">find<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8efind\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf( NFS)\uff0cfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u7684find\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4(\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u630730G\u5b57\u8282\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001find \u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">find pathname -options [-print -exec -ok ...]\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">pathname: find\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7528.\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\/\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\u3002\n-print\uff1a find\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\n-exec\uff1a find\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a'command' {  } \\;\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f{   }\u548c\\\uff1b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\n-ok\uff1a \u548c-exec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6267\u884c\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001find\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">-name   \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-perm   \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-prune  \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7ffind\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528-depth\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48-prune\u5c06\u88abfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\n-user   \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-group  \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-mtime -n +n \u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c-n\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8ddd\u73b0\u5728n\u5929\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c+n\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8ddd\u73b0\u5728n\u5929\u4ee5\u524d\u3002find\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u6709-atime\u548c-ctime \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u548c-m time\u9009\u9879\u3002\n-nogroup \u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u5728\/etc\/groups\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n-nouser \u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n-newer file1 ! file2 \u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u6587\u4ef6file1\u65b0\u4f46\u6bd4\u6587\u4ef6file2\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-type   \u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\n    b - \u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    d - \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n    c - \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    p - \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    l - \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    f - \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-size n\uff1a[c] \u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3an\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e26\u6709c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u8ba1\u3002\n-depth   \u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5728\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\n-fstype  \u67e5\u627e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/fstab\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n-mount   \u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfmount\u70b9\u3002\n-follow  \u5982\u679cfind\u547d\u4ee4\u9047\u5230\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\u8e2a\u81f3\u94fe\u63a5\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916,\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u7684\u533a\u522b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">-amin n   \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-atime n  \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-cmin n   \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-ctime n  \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-mmin n   \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-mtime n  \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528exec\u6216ok\u6765\u6267\u884cshell\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528find\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528exec\u6765\u914d\u5408find\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf \u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8-exec\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u8bf8\u5982ls\u6216ls -l\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u67e5\u627e\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884crm\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6240\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>exec\u9009\u9879\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u968f\u7740\u6240\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u513f{}\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\\\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528exec\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528print\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e0bfind\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u8d77\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628als -l\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684-exec\u9009\u9879\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># find . -type f -exec ls -l {} \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5339\u914d\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728-exec\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5217\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\/logs\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u57285\u65e5\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find logs -type f -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u5728shell\u4e2d\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff01\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982mv\u6216rm\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-exec\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c find\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5.LOG\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3001\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u57285\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -name \"*.conf\"  -mtime +5 -ok rm {  } \\;\n&lt; rm ... .\/conf\/httpd.conf &gt; ? n\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309y\u952e\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6309n\u952e\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728-exec\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002find\u547d\u4ee4\u9996\u5148\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u201c passwd*\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982passwd\u3001passwd.old\u3001passwd.bak\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884cgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u770b\u770b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aitcast\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># find \/etc -name \"passwd*\" -exec grep \"itcast\" {  } \\;\n\nitcast:x:1000:1000::\/home\/itcast:\/bin\/bash\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9009\u9879\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u4f7f\u7528name\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u9009\u9879\u662ffind\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8981\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f15\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55$HOME\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7b26\u5408*.txt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528~\u4f5c\u4e3a &#8216;pathname&#8217;\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7~\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4f60\u7684$HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find ~ -name \"*.txt\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u2018 *.txt\u2019\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -name \"*.txt\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -name \"[A-Z]*\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u8981\u5728\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5host\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/etc -name \"host*\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u8981\u67e5\u627e$HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find ~ -name \"*\" -print \u6216find . -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/ -name \"*\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f.txt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8fd4\u56de\u4f8b\u5982\u540d\u4e3aax37.txt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$find . -name \"[a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9].txt\" -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u7528perm\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528-perm\u9009\u9879,\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u4e3a755\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -perm 755 -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a2a\u6760-\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u90fd\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5982-007\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e777\uff0c-006\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e666<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># ls -l\n# find . -perm 006\n# find . -perm -006\n\n-perm mode:\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb8\u53ef\u6b63\u597d\u7b26\u5408mode\n-perm +mode:\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb8\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u7b26\u5408mode\n-perm -mode: \u6587\u4ef6\u8bb8\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408mode\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u5ffd\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u5ffd\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4f60\u6240\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-prune\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-prune\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u8981\u5f53\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86-depth\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48-prune\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4f1a\u88abfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\/apps\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\/apps\/bin\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/apps -path \"\/apps\/bin\" -prune -o -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528find\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u600e\u4e48\u907f\u5f00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u5728\/home\/itcast\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5728dir1\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">find \/home\/itcast -path \"\/home\/itcast\/dir1\" -prune -o -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u907f\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">find \/home \\( -path \/home\/itcast\/f1 -o -path \/home\/itcast\/f2 \\) -prune -o -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f(\u524d\u7684\\,\u6ce8\u610f(\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528user\u548cnouser\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u5728$HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e3aitcast\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find ~ -user itcast -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e3auucp\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/etc -user uucp -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5e10\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-nouser\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u5e10\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-nouser\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1b find\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/home -nouser -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528group\u548cnogroup\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u50cfuser\u548cnouser\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c find\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\/apps\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8eitcast\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/apps -group itcast -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528nogroup\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684find\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5904\u67e5\u627e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/ -nogroup -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>7\u3001\u6309\u7167\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u6309\u7167\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mtime,atime\u6216ctime\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a81\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528mtime\u9009\u9879\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u51cf\u53f7-\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8ddd\u4ecan\u65e5\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u52a0\u53f7+\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8ddd\u4ecan\u65e5\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u57285\u65e5\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/ -mtime -5 -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\/var\/adm\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u57283\u65e5\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/var\/adm -mtime +3 -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>8\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u6bd4\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\u6216\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\u4f46\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65e7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-newer\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">newest_file_name ! oldest_file_name\n\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\uff01\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u975e\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>9\u3001\u4f7f\u7528type\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/etc -type d -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . ! -type d -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/etc -type l -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>10\u3001\u4f7f\u7528size\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5757\uff08block\uff09\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aN c\uff1b\u4ee5\u5757\u8ba1\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5757\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e1 M\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -size +1000000c -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\/home\/apache\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u6070\u597d\u4e3a100\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/home\/apache -size 100c -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc710\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e00\u5757\u7b49\u4e8e512\u5b57\u8282\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -size +10 -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>11\u3001\u4f7f\u7528depth\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5148\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528depth\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7ffind\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4\u5411\u78c1\u5e26\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9996\u5148\u5907\u4efd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u518d\u5907\u4efd\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c find\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aCON.FILE\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u5165\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/ -name \"CON.FILE\" -depth -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>12\u3001\u4f7f\u7528mount\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684mount\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5XC\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -name \"*.XC\" -mount -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u4f6010\u5929\u5185\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684.c\u548c.cpp\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find $HOME -print\n$ find ~ -print\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u8ba9\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -type f -perm 644 -exec ls -l {  } \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/ -type f -size 0 -exec ls -l {  } \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u67e5\u627e\/var\/logs\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u57287\u65e5\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\u524d\u8be2\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find \/var\/logs -type f -mtime +7 -ok rm {  } \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>5\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8eroot\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$find . -group root -exec ls -l {  } \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>6\u3001find\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u57287\u65e5\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u542b\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u540e\u7f00\u7684admin.log\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u4e09\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4e0d\u8981\u8d85\u8fc7999\u3002\u5148\u5efa\u51e0\u4e2aadmin.log*\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -name \"admin.log[0-9][0-9][0-9]\" -atime -7  -ok rm {  } \\;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>7\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ find . -type d | sort\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u3001xargs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>xargs &#8211; build and execute command lines from standard input<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4\u7684-exec\u9009\u9879\u5904\u7406\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c find\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u8d77\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9exec\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9exec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728find\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0 \u6ea2\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u592a\u957f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u6ea2\u51fa\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fxargs\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u5904\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0efind\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>find\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9xargs\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800cxargs\u547d\u4ee4\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf-exec\u9009\u9879\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5904\u7406\u6700\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u6279\uff0c\u5e76\u5982\u6b64\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-exec\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u4f7f\u7528xargs\u547d\u4ee4\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528xargs\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u6279\u53d6\u5f97\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6765\u770b\u770bxargs\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u540cfind\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528xargs\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u7c7b\u6587 \u4ef6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#find . -type f -print | xargs file\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># ls -l\n# find . -perm -7 -print | xargs chmod o-w\n# ls -l\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22hello\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># find . -type f -print | xargs grep \"hello\"\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22hello\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># find . -name \\* -type f -print | xargs grep \"hello\"\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c \\\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u6d88find\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684*\u5728shell\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>find\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528exec\u548cxargs\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6240\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sed\">sed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>sed\u610f\u4e3a\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff08Stream Editor\uff09\uff0c\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u548cMakefile\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f15\u5165sed\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002sed\u548cvi\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u65e9\u671fUNIX\u7684ed\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591ased\u547d\u4ee4\u548cvi\u7684\u672b\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>sed\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sed option 'script' file1 file2 ...\nsed option -f scriptfile file1 file2 ...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9009\u9879\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">--version            \u663e\u793ased\u7248\u672c\u3002\n--help               \u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u3002\n-n,--quiet,--silent  \u9759\u9ed8\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0csed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5370\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c4f\u853d\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5370\u3002\n-e script            \u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\n-f script-file, \n--file=script-file   \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u68d2\uff01\n-i,--in-place        \u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u8f93\u51fa\u81f3\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff09\u614e\u7528\uff01\n-l N, --line-length=N \u8be5\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9al\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u957f\u5ea6\uff0cl\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u975e\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\n--posix             \u7981\u7528GNU sed\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u3002\n-r, --regexp-extended  \u5728\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\n-s, --separate      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0csed\u5c06\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u3002\u800cGNU sed\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4f5c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5219\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6587\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u3002\n-u, --unbuffered    \u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ec5\u662fsed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9009\u9879\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u505a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u4e3ased\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">a,append        \u8ffd\u52a0\ni,insert        \u63d2\u5165\nd,delete        \u5220\u9664\ns,substitution  \u66ff\u6362\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\uff1a$ sed &#8220;2a itcast&#8221; .\/testfile \u5728\u8f93\u51fatestfile\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0&#8221;itcast&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed \"2,5d\" testfile\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>sed\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u4f20\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0csed\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u3002sed\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7136\u540e\u7528-f\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\/pattern\/action\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2dpattern\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0caction\u662f\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002sed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u8bfb\u51fa\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684action\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u800c\u53ea\u6709action\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aaction\u5c06\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sed_1\">\u5e38\u7528\u7684sed\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\/pattern\/p  \u6253\u5370\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u884c\n\/pattern\/d  \u5220\u9664\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u884c\n\/pattern\/s\/pattern1\/pattern2\/   \u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408pattern\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914dpattern1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u4e3apattern2\n\/pattern\/s\/pattern1\/pattern2\/g  \u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408pattern\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914dpattern1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u4e3apattern2\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528p\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0csed\u662f\u628a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fde\u540c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u8d77\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64p\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u989d\u5916\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u904d\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u884c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6testfile\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">123\nabc\n456\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5370\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542babc\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed '\/abc\/p' testfile\n123\nabc\nabc\n456\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e94\u52a0\u4e0a-n\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8egrep\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed -n '\/abc\/p' testfile\nabc\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981-n\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5220\u9664\u542b\u6709abc\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed '\/abc\/d' testfile\n123\n456\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0csed\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5339\u914dpattern1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u590d\u5236\u5230pattern2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed 's\/bc\/-&amp;-\/' testfile\n123\na-bc-\n456\npattern2\u4e2d\u7684&amp;\u8868\u793a\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u4e0epattern1\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed 's\/\\([0-9]\\)\\([0-9]\\)\/-\\1-~\\2~\/' testfile\n-1-~2~3\nabc\n-4-~5~6\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>pattern2\u4e2d\u7684\\1\u8868\u793a\u4e0epattern1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a()\u62ec\u53f7\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\\2\u8868\u793a\u4e0epattern1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a()\u62ec\u53f7\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002sed\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528Basic\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-r\u9009\u9879\u5219\u4f7f\u7528Extended\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48()\u62ec\u53f7\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed  's\/yes\/no\/;s\/static\/dhcp\/'  .\/testfile\n\u6ce8\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\n\n$ sed -e 's\/yes\/no\/' -e 's\/static\/dhcp\/' testfile\n\u6ce8\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528-e\u9009\u9879\u3002\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679ctestfile\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello World&lt;\/title&gt;&lt;\/head&gt;\n&lt;body&gt;Welcome to the world of regexp!&lt;\/body&gt;&lt;\/html&gt;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u53bb\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684HTML\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Hello World\nWelcome to the world of regexp!\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sed 's\/&lt;.*&gt;\/\/g' testfile\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7684(Greedy)\u3002\u6bd4\u5982sed\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c&lt;.*&gt;\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6216\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello World&lt;\/title&gt;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6574\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u5934\u662f&lt;\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u662f&gt;\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u6539\u624d\u5bf9\u5462\uff1f\u7559\u7ed9\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"awk\">awk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>sed\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cawk\u6bd4sed\u5f3a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ee5\u5217\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3002awk\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u548cTab\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u548c\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5:\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49awk\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a:\u5e76\u4ee5\u5217\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002awk\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5206\u652f\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u548csed\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cawk\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">awk option 'script' file1 file2 ...\nawk option -f scriptfile file1 file2 ...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548csed\u4e00\u6837\uff0cawk\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528-f\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\/pattern\/{actions}\ncondition{actions}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548csed\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cpattern\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0cactions\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002awk\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u8bfb\u51fa\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ee1\u8db3condition\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684actions\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u6709actions\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5219actions\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u4ef6testfile\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ProductA  30\nProductB  76\nProductC  55\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ awk '{print $2;}' testfile\n30\n76\n55\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf$1\u3001$2\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u7b49\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eShell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c$0\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e75\u5219\u5728\u884c\u672b\u6807\u6ce8\u9700\u8981\u8ba2\u8d27\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ awk '$2&lt;75 {printf \"%s\\t%s\\n\", $0, \"REORDER\";} $2&gt;=75 {print $0;}' testfile\nProductA  30    REORDER\nProductB  76\nProductC  55    REORDER\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u89c1awk\u4e5f\u6709\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684printf\u51fd\u6570\u3002awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684condition\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684condition\uff0dBEGIN\u548cEND\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cBEGIN\u540e\u9762\u7684actions\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0cEND\u540e\u9762\u7684actions\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ awk '\/^ *$\/ {x=x+1;} END {print x;}' testfile\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u50cfShell\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u4e9bawk\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>awk\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">FILENAME  \u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\nNR  \u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\uff0cR\u4ee3\u8868record\nNF  \u5f53\u524d\u884c\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5217\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\uff0cF\u4ee3\u8868field\nOFS \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\nFS  \u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u5206\u878d\u7b26\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u548cTab\nORS \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\nRS  \u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u7f3a\u7701\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ awk 'BEGIN {FS=\":\"} {print $1;}' \/etc\/passwd\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linux_1\">Linux\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='.\/\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548cshell_files\/QzpcVXNlcnNceHdwXERlc2t0b3Bc6L-Q57u05aSH6K--XG1lZGlhXDIuanBn'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\".\/\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548cshell_files\/QzpcVXNlcnNceHdwXERlc2t0b3Bc6L-Q57u05aSH6K--XG1lZGlhXDIuanBn\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5185\u5bb9\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>strace<\/li><li>netstat<\/li><li>perf<\/li><li>top<\/li><li>pidstat<\/li><li>mpstat<\/li><li>dstat<\/li><li>vmstat<\/li><li>slabtop<\/li><li>free<\/li><li>top<\/li><li>tcpdump<\/li><li>ip<\/li><li>nicstat<\/li><li>dtrace<\/li><li>ping<\/li><li>dtrace<\/li><li>blktrace<\/li><li>iptop<\/li><li>iostat<\/li><li>stap<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>wcwc [option] [file]&#8230; -l: \u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570 -c: \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u8282\u6570 -w\uff1b\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd\u6570<\/li><li>trtr: \u8f6c\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u7b26 tr &#8216;\u96c6\u54081&#8217; &#8216;\u96c6\u54082&#8217; tr -d &#8216;\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5408&#8217;<\/li><li>cutThis is a test line. -d\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26 -f#: \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u663e\u793a\u5b57\u6bb5 \u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5 \u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u5b57\u6bb5 -\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u59823-5\uff1b<\/li><li>sort\u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83 sort [option] file&#8230; -f: \u5ffd\u7565\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff1b -n: \u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b -t: \u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26 -k: \u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u6bb5 -u: \u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b<\/li><li>uniq\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c -c\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6b21\u6570 -d\uff1a\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u8fc7\u7684\u884c -u: \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u66fe\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c<\/li><li>\u5de5\u5177\u901f\u67e5\u94fe\u63a5http:\/\/linuxtools-rst.readthedocs.io\/zh_CN\/latest\/tool\/index.html<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell_4\">shell\u4e60\u9898\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6c422\u4e2a\u6570\u4e4b\u548c<\/li><li>\u8ba1\u7b971-100\u7684\u548c<\/li><li>\u5c06\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u6539\u4e3abak<\/li><li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709.c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/li><li>\u6253\u5370root\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c: root&#8217;s bins: 2306<\/li><li>\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524dsshd\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0bid\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c: sshd Port&amp;&amp;pid: 22 5412<\/li><li>\u8f93\u51fa\u672c\u673a\u521b\u5efa20000\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c:real 0m3.367s user 0m0.066s sys 0m1.925s<\/li><li>\u6253\u5370\u672c\u673a\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c: Swap:1024M<\/li><li>\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d6\u51fa\/etc\/password\u4e2dshell\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u679c: 4 \/bin\/bash 1 \/bin\/sync 1 \/sbin\/halt 31 \/sbin\/nologin 1 \/sbin\/shutdown \u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u679c: \/bin\/sync 1 \/bin\/bash 1 \/sbin\/nologin 30 \/sbin\/halt 1 \/sbin\/shutdown 1<\/li><li>\u6587\u4ef6\u6574\u7406\uff0cemployee\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5de5\u53f7\u548c\u59d3\u540d,\uff08\u63d0\u793ajoin\uff09employee.txt: 100 Jason Smith 200 John Doe 300 Sanjay Gupta 400 Ashok Sharma bonus\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5de5\u53f7\u548c\u5de5\u8d44 bonus.txt: 100 $5,000 200 $500 300 $3,000 400 $1,250 \u8981\u6c42\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c: 400 ashok sharma $1,250 100 jason smith $5,000 200 john doe $500 300 sanjay gupta $3,000<\/li><li>\u5199\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c\u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199\u4e2ashell\u811a\u672c\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5927\u4e8e10K\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amyfirstshell.sh\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002a) \u5305\u542b\u4e00\u6bb5\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u60a8\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u811a\u672c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 b) \u95ee\u5019\u7528\u6237\u3002 c) \u663e\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 d) \u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u3002 e) \u663e\u793a\u60a8\u7684\u673a\u5668\u540d\u3002 f) \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7248\u672c\u3002 g) \u663e\u793a\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002 h) \u663e\u793aroot\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 i) \u663e\u793a\u53d8\u91cfTERM\u3001PATH\u548cHOME\u7684\u503c\u3002 j) \u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 k) \u7528id\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u60a8\u7684\u7ec4ID\u3002 m) \u8ddf\u7528\u6237\u8bf4\u201cGood bye\u201d<\/li><li>\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u6709m1.txt m2.txt m3.txt m4.txt\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cm1 m2 m3 m4 \u5e76\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/li><li>root\u7528\u6237\u4eca\u5929\u767b\u9646\u4e86\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4<\/li><li>\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1IP\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u5206\u6790apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u524d100\u4f4d\u7684IP\u6570\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u5927\u5c0f\u572878M\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fapache\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8282\u9009202.101.129.218 &#8211; &#8211; [26\/Mar\/2006:23:59:55 +0800] &#8220;GET \/online\/stat_inst.php?pid=d065 HTTP\/1.1&#8221; 302 20-&#8220;-&#8221; &#8220;-&#8221; &#8220;Mozilla\/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)&#8221;<\/li><li>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\/userdata\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb50\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373user1\uff5euser50\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bfb\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bfb\u3001\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li><li>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u4e3aclass1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u768430\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3astdxx\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dxx\u4ece01\u523030\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684stdxx\u3002<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u966430\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u4e3astd01\u81f3std30\u3002<\/li><li>\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u7406,\u6e05\u9664\u672c\u673a\u9664\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u9646\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/li><li>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u6708\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5907\u4efd\u5e76\u538b\u7f29\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/root\/bak\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\uff0c\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u540d,\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0fyymmdd_etc\uff0cyy\u4e3a\u5e74\uff0cmm\u4e3a\u6708\uff0cdd\u4e3a\u65e5\u3002Shell\u7a0b\u5e8ffileback\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/usr\/bin\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li><li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u4e32\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a1-255\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u6392\u51fa\u67e5\u8be2\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d100\u6761\u3002 \u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6784\u9020\u3002 (\u63d0\u793a\uff1aawk sort uniq head)<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ubuntu\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5\u811a\u672c<\/li><li>\u7f16\u5199\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li><li>\u67e5\u770bTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001netstat -nat |awk \u2018{print $6}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn netstat -n | awk \u2018\/^tcp\/ {++S[$NF]};END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}\u2019 \u6216 netstat -n | awk \u2018\/^tcp\/ {++state[$NF]}; END {for(key in state) print key,&#8221;\\t&#8221;,state[key]}\u2019 netstat -n | awk \u2018\/^tcp\/ {++arr[$NF]};END {for(k in arr) print k,&#8221;t&#8221;,arr[k]}\u2019 netstat -n |awk \u2018\/^tcp\/ {print $NF}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn netstat -ant | awk \u2018{print $NF}\u2019 | grep -v \u2018[a-z]\u2018 | sort | uniq -c<\/li><li>\u67e5\u627e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u8bf720\u4e2aIP\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u653b\u6765\u6e90\uff09\uff1anetstat -anlp|grep 80|grep tcp|awk \u2018{print $5}\u2019|awk -F: \u2018{print $1}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -n20 netstat -ant |awk \u2018\/:80\/{split($5,ip,&#8221;:&#8221;);++A[ip[1]]}END{for(i in A) print A[i],i}\u2019 |sort -rn|head -n20<\/li><li>\u7528tcpdump\u55c5\u63a280\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u770b\u770b\u8c01\u6700\u9ad8tcpdump -i eth0 -tnn dst port 80 -c 1000 | awk -F&#8221;.&#8221; \u2018{print $1&#8243;.&#8221;$2&#8243;.&#8221;$3&#8243;.&#8221;$4}\u2019 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |head -20<\/li><li>\u67e5\u627e\u8f83\u591atime_wait\u8fde\u63a5netstat -n|grep TIME_WAIT|awk \u2018{print $5}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -n20<\/li><li>\u627e\u67e5\u8f83\u591a\u7684SYN\u8fde\u63a5netstat -an | grep SYN | awk \u2018{print $5}\u2019 | awk -F: \u2018{print $1}\u2019 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | more<\/li><li>\u6839\u636e\u7aef\u53e3\u5217\u8fdb\u7a0bnetstat -ntlp | grep 80 | awk \u2018{print $7}\u2019 | cut -d\/ -f1<\/li><li>\u83b7\u5f97\u8bbf\u95ee\u524d10\u4f4d\u7684ip\u5730\u5740cat access.log|awk \u2018{print $1}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10 cat access.log|awk \u2018{counts[$(11)]+=1}; END {for(url in counts) print counts[url], url}\u2019<\/li><li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u9875\u9762,\u53d6\u524d20cat access.log|awk \u2018{print $11}\u2019|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20<\/li><li>\u5217\u51fa\u4f20\u8f93\u6700\u5927\u7684\u51e0\u4e2aexe\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5206\u6790\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7ad9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e38\u7528\uff09cat access.log |awk \u2018($7~\/.exe\/){print $10 &#8221; &#8221; $1 &#8221; &#8221; $4 &#8221; &#8221; $7}\u2019|sort -nr|head -20<\/li><li>\u5217\u51fa\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u4e8e200000byte(\u7ea6200kb)\u7684exe\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u6b21\u6570cat access.log |awk \u2018($10 &gt; 200000 &amp;&amp; $7~\/.exe\/){print $7}\u2019|sort -n|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -100<\/li><li>\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u9875\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u5217\u51fa\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u9875\u9762cat access.log |awk \u2018($7~\/.php\/){print $NF &#8221; &#8221; $1 &#8221; &#8221; $4 &#8221; &#8221; $7}\u2019|sort -nr|head -100<\/li><li>\u5217\u51fa\u6700\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u9875\u9762(\u8d85\u8fc760\u79d2\u7684)\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u9875\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u6b21\u6570cat access.log |awk \u2018($NF &gt; 60 &amp;&amp; $7~\/.php\/){print $7}\u2019|sort -n|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -100<\/li><li>\u5217\u51fa\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7 30 \u79d2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6cat access.log |awk \u2018($NF &gt; 30){print $7}\u2019|sort -n|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u7f51\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\uff08G)cat access.log |awk \u2018{sum+=$10} END {print sum\/1024\/1024\/1024}\u2019<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1404\u7684\u8fde\u63a5awk \u2018($9 ~\/404\/)\u2019 access.log | awk \u2018{print $9,$7}\u2019 | sort<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1http statuscat access.log |awk \u2018{counts[$(9)]+=1}; END {for(code in counts) print code, counts[code]}&#8217; cat access.log |awk &#8216;{print $9}&#8217;|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn<\/li><li>\u8718\u86db\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u8718\u86db\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\/usr\/sbin\/tcpdump -i eth0 -l -s 0 -w &#8211; dst port 80 | strings | grep -i user-agent | grep -i -E &#8216;bot|crawler|slurp|spider&#8217;<\/li><li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237mandriva\uff0c\u5176ID\u53f7\u4e3a2002\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3adistro\uff08\u7ec4ID\u4e3a3003\uff09\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3alinux\uff1b# groupadd linux # groupadd -g 3003 distro # useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G linux mandriva<\/li><li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237fedora\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u540d\u4e3aFedora Community\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3atcsh\uff1b # useradd -c &#8220;Fedora Community&#8221; -s \/bin\/tcsh fedora<\/li><li>\u4fee\u6539mandriva\u7684ID\u53f7\u4e3a4004\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3alinux\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3adistro\u548cfedora\uff1b# usermod -u 4004 -g linux -G distro,fedora mandriva<\/li><li>\u7ed9fedora\u52a0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5176\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650\u4e3a2\u5929\uff0c\u6700\u957f\u4e3a50\u5929\uff1b# passwd fedora # chage -m 2 -M 50 fedora<\/li><li>\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4strace -p pid<\/li><li>\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4newgroup, id\u53f7\u4e3a4000\uff1b 2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237mageedu1, id\u53f7\u4e3a3001\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e3anewgroup\uff1b 3\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\/tmp\/hellodirxyz 4\u3001\u590d\u5236\/etc\/fstab\u81f3\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d 5\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3amageedu1; 6\u3001\u8ba9\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u9650\uff1b #!\/bin\/bash # Description: # Version: # Datetime: # Author: myGroup=&#8221;newgroup1&#8243; myUser=&#8221;mageedu2&#8243; myDir=&#8221;\/tmp\/hellodirxyz1&#8243; myID=3002 groupadd -g 4001 $myGroup useradd -u $myID -G $myGroup $myUser mkdir $myDir cp \/etc\/fstab $myDir chown -R $myUser:$myUser $myDir chmod -R o= $myDir unset myGroup myUser myID myDir<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1\/bin\u3001\/usr\/bin\u3001\/sbin\u548c\/usr\/sbin\u7b49\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570\uff1b# ls \/bin | wc -l<\/li><li>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684shell\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cdshell\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b# cut -d: -f7 \/etc\/passwd | sort -u<\/li><li>\u53d6\u51fa\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c7\u884c\uff1b# head -7 \/etc\/passwd | tail -1<\/li><li>\u663e\u793a\u7b2c3\u9898\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c7\u884c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1b# head -7 \/etc\/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f1 # head -7 \/etc\/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f1 | tr &#8216;a-z&#8217; &#8216;A-Z&#8217;<\/li><li>\u7edf\u8ba1\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4ee5P\u6216p\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570\uff1b# ls -d \/etc\/[Pp]* | wc -l<\/li><li>\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\u663e\u793a\/etc\/init.d\/functions\u3001\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit\u548c\/etc\/fstab\u5404\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\uff1bfor fileName in \/etc\/init.d\/functions \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit \/etc\/fstab; do wc -l $fileName done #!\/bin\/bash for fileName in \/etc\/init.d\/functions \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit \/etc\/fstab; do lineCount=`wc -l $fileName | cut -d&#8217; &#8216; -f1` echo &#8220;$fileName: $lineCount lines.&#8221; done #!\/bin\/bash for fileName in \/etc\/init.d\/functions \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit \/etc\/fstab; do echo &#8220;$fileName: `wc -l $fileName | cut -d&#8217; &#8216; -f1` lines.&#8221; done<\/li><li>\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c,\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5230\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff1b\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u4e3a2016\u5e7412\u670815\u53f715\u70b943\u5206\uff1bfor fileName in \/etc\/init.d\/functions \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit \/etc\/fstab; do cp $fileName \/tmp baseName=`basename $fileName` touch -m -t 201109151327 \/tmp\/$baseName done<\/li><li>\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c, \u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u30017\u548c11\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548cID\u53f7\uff1bfor lineNo in 3 7 11; do userInfo=`head -n $lineNo \/etc\/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f1,3` echo -e &#8220;User: `echo $userInfo | cut -d: -f1`\\nUid: `echo $userInfo |cut -d: -f2`&#8221; done<\/li><li>\u663e\u793a\/proc\/meminfo\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u5199s\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff1b# grep &#8220;^[sS]&#8221; \/proc\/meminfo # grep -i &#8220;^s&#8221; \/proc\/meminfo<\/li><li>\u53d6\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3a\u975ebash\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1b# grep -v &#8220;bash$&#8221; \/etc\/passwd | cut -d: -f1<\/li><li>\u53d6\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3abash\u7684\u4e14\u5176ID\u53f7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1b# grep &#8220;bash$&#8221; \/etc\/passwd | sort -n -t: -k3 | tail -1 | cut -d: -f1<\/li><li>\u663e\u793a\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u884c\uff1b# grep &#8220;^#[[:space:]]\\{1,\\}[^[:space:]]\\{1,\\}&#8221; \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit<\/li><li>\u663e\u793a\/boot\/grub\/grub.conf\u4e2d\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff1b# grep &#8220;^[[:space:]]\\{1,\\}[^[:space:]]\\{1,\\}&#8221; \/boot\/grub\/grub.conf<\/li><li>\u627e\u51fa\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\u6216\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\uff1b# grep &#8211;color=auto &#8220;\\&lt;[0-9]\\{1,2\\}\\&gt;&#8221; \/etc\/passwd<\/li><li>\u627e\u51faifconfig\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76841\u5230255\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff1b# ifconfig | grep -E &#8211;color=auto &#8220;\\&lt;([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\\&gt;&#8221;<\/li><li>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0aroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f;# grep &#8220;^root\\&gt;&#8221; \/etc\/passwd<\/li><li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237bash\u548ctestbash\u3001basher\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u627e\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5176\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1b# grep &#8211;color=auto &#8220;^\\([[:alnum:]]\\{1,\\}\\)\\&gt;.*\\1$&#8221; \/etc\/passwd<\/li><li>\u627e\u51fanetstat -tan\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201cLISTEN\u201d\u6216\u201cESTABLISHED\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c\uff1b<\/li><li>\u53d6\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684shell\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u6bcf\u79cdshell\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e14\u6309\u5347\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\uff1b# cut -d: -f7 \/etc\/passwd | sort -u<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_25\">\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"_26\">\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u5148\u5c06\u811a\u672c\u590d\u5236\u6216\u8005\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\/etc\/init.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    update-rc.d xxx defaults NN\u547d\u4ee4(NN\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f)\uff0c\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6267\u884c\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5219NN\u9700\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u598299\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) \u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u590d\u5236\u5230 \/etc\/init.d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b,\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a test\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) \u8bbe\u7f6e\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    $ sudo chmod 755 \/etc\/init.d\/test\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3) \u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u811a\u672c\u653e\u5230\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53bb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">    $ cd \/etc\/init.d\n    $ sudo update-rc.d test defaults 95<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672f\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd IDC&#8211;\uff08Internet Data Center)\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u673a\u79df\u7528 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[62],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-jishu","tag-zongjie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=889"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":894,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889\/revisions\/894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tongyunli.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}